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Cancer is a class of diseases in which abnormal cells multiply and divide uncontrollably in the body. These abnormal cells form malignant growths called tumors. Throat cancer refers to cancer of the voice box, the vocal cords, and other parts of the throat, such as the tonsils and oropharynx.

Throat cancer is often grouped into two categories: pharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer. Pharyngeal cancer forms in the pharynx. This is the hollow tube that runs from behind your nose to the top of your windpipe. Laryngeal cancer forms in the larynx, which is your voice box.

Types of throat cancer

There are several types of throat cancer. Although all throat cancers involve the development and growth of abnormal cells, your doctor has to identify your specific type to determine the most effective treatment plan. The two primary types of throat cancer are:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma: Throat cancer of the flat cells lining the throat. It’s the most common throat cancer in the United States.
  • Adenocarcinoma: Throat cancer of the glandular cells. This type of laryngeal cancer is rare.